These are the sources and editions that this standard work has used primarily or comparatively, as recorded in the apparatus and in the verified dossiers (04 Greek source text, 06 Qumran, 12 reception, 22 Maccabees). Exact editions, dates and edition numbers that were not in the dossiers are to be completed by the author; where such a detail is missing in the source files, it has been omitted below or marked with "[to be determined]".
1. Ground-text editions
Hebrew-Aramaic
- Westminster Leningrad Codex (WLC) / Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (OSHB) — the Hebrew-Aramaic ground text on which the concordance counts rest (apparatus, master-concordance head-note; dossiers 04 and 12). In dossier 04 directly in view via Studylight for Dan 11:32 and 12:3; the remaining Hebrew lemmata from the assignment text, not independently verified.
Greek New Testament (Revelation, Matthew)
- Scrivener, Textus Receptus (1894) — the Greek ground text for Revelation and Matthew 13:43; the book follows the TR (apparatus §1B and textual-critical annotations; dossier 12, file `scrivener_tr` RE.SCV / MT.SCV). The date 1894 according to the author's statement. - Nestle-Aland 28 (NA28) / Editio Critica Maior (ECM) — critical text, used comparatively at the four textual-critical annotations (Rev 12:12; 13:6; 14:1; 17:8); for the full manuscript apparatus the printed NA28/ECM remains the final authority (apparatus, textual-critical note; dossier 12). - Westcott-Hort — as critical counter-text ("Nestle/Westcott-Hort") against which the TR readings were checked (apparatus, textual-critical note).
Daniel in Greek — Old Greek (OG) and Theodotion (θ′)
- Old Greek (OG) Daniel — consulted in the Rahlfs-Hanhart text (in Daniel chiefly based on Codex 88 / Syro-Hexapla), via die-bibel.de (book code DAG) and the greekdoc polyglot (column "Old Greek") (dossier 04). - Theodotion (θ′) Daniel — consulted via Blue Letter Bible ("LXX" Daniel = θ′) and the greekdoc polyglot (column "Theodotion"), CCAT-dependent text; secondarily via Studylight (dossier 04). In dossier 22 also the Theodotion column of Daniel 11-12 via New Advent. - NETS (New English Translation of the Septuagint), Daniel part — named comparatively (NETS-OG follows Munnich/Göttingen incl. Papyrus 967; NETS-TH follows Ziegler); the rendering of Dan 11-12 itself was not viewed (dossier 04).
2. Second-Temple and Qumran sources
Texts used (manuscript sigla)
- 1QS (Community Rule) — the maskil as office (cols. III, IX, X-XI). - 1QM (War Scroll, cols. I-XIX) — the counted, tribe-by-tribe organized end-time army. - CD (Damascus Document, among others 12:20-21; 13:22; CD-B 20) — the rule "for the maskil". - 1QSb / 1Q28b (Rule of Blessings, 5:20). - 4Q174 (Florilegium / Eschatological Midrash) — "the time of the refining that is to come", with Daniel 11-12 by name (Dan 11:32; 12:10). - Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (4Q400-407; 11Q17; Masada), each song with a maskil heading. - Songs of the Sage (4Q510-511). - Hodayot (1QHa) and 4Q298 — maskil headings (not viewed directly in the sweep). - 11Q13 (11QMelchizedek) and 4Q246 (Aramaic "Daniel" Apocalypse) — Daniel reception. - Daniel manuscripts from Qumran: 1Q71 (1QDan-a); 1Q72 (1QDan-b); 4Q112-116 (4QDan-a–e); 6Q7 (pap6QDan).
Translations used
- G. Vermes, English translation of the Dead Sea Scrolls (edition cited as 1997) — read primarily for 1QS (cols. I-XI), 1QSb 5:20 and 4Q174 (dossier 06). - Wise – Abegg – Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation (1996) — for 1QM (cols. I-XIX) and the Songs of the Sage (4Q510-511) (dossier 06). - C. Newsom, translation of the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (4Q403 1 i 30 ff.) (dossier 06). - F. García Martínez (edition cited as 1996) — weighed in for 11Q13 and 4Q246, via the compilation references (dossier 06). - German CD translation at qumran.org (translator not named on the page) — for CD 12:20-21 and CD-B 20:17-20 (dossier 06).
Critical editions (named bibliographically; not viewed directly)
- DJD V (J.M. Allegro) — 4Q174. - DJD VII (M. Baillet) — 4Q510-511. - DJD XVI (E. Ulrich) — 4QDaniel. - DJD XL (H. Stegemann – E. Schuller) — 1QHa. - A. Steudel, Der Midrasch zur Eschatologie (STDJ 13, 1994) — edition of 4Q174/Florilegium. - J. Duhaime, edition of 1QM — "[to be determined]" (named only as an edition, no further data).
Studies cited
- C. Newsom, "The Sage in the Literature of Qumran: The Functions of the Maśkil" (1990). - R. Hawley, "On Maśkîl in the Judean Desert Documents", Henoch 28 (2006) 43-77. - J. Angel, "Maskil, Community, and Religious Experience in the Songs of the Sage", Dead Sea Discoveries 19 (2012). - P. Flint, "The Daniel Tradition at Qumran". - R. Carlson, "A Structure for the End of the World: 4QFlorilegium and the 'Latter Days' in Early Jewish Tradition", Word & World 40/3 (2020) 246-254. - B. Brown, "Songs of the Sage (4Q510, 4Q511)", Database of Religious History (2024). - R. Beckwith, Revue de Qumran 10 (1980) 179-80 and 10 (1981) 523-25.
3. Early Jewish and rabbinic reception (of Daniel 12:3)
Early Jewish / apocalyptic and sapiential
- Wisdom of Solomon 3 (with 3:6-9) — Greek text, Rahlfs-Hanhart via die-bibel.de (dossier 12). - Sirach 38:24-39:11 — Greek text, Rahlfs-Hanhart via die-bibel.de (dossier 12). - 1 Enoch 104 (:2, 6, 12-13) — English translations of R.H. Charles (1912) and R. Laurence (1883), consulted in parallel (via qbible.com) (dossier 12). - 4 Ezra / 2 Esdras 7 (:97, 125) — NRSV with Apocrypha (NRSA); the Latin/Syriac ground text was not viewed (dossier 12). - Matthew 13:43 — as an early-Christian reception witness, Scrivener TR (dossier 12).
Rabbinic
- b. Bava Batra 8b — the decisive rabbinic locus; Hebrew/Aramaic + English, William Davidson / Steinsaltz edition via Sefaria (dossier 12). - b. Sanhedrin 92a-b — on the resurrection (Dan 12:2, 13); the same Davidson/Steinsaltz edition via Sefaria (dossier 12).
Absences (gate 1)
- Targum on Daniel: does not exist (Daniel is itself partly Aramaic); established via the reference works Jewish Encyclopedia "Targum", E. Nestle "Aramaic Versions" and the Cambridge History of the Bible (dossiers 12 and apparatus §4). - Sifre on Dan 12:3 and Midrash Tehillim at Dan 12:3: not located/viewed in the sweep (dossier 12, apparatus §4).
4. Deuterocanonical sources
- 1 Maccabees (1-4) and 2 Maccabees (5-7) — English main text from the Revised Standard Version with Apocrypha (RSV) via Bible Gateway (dossier 22). - Greek of 1 Maccabees 1-2 — LXX column via New Advent (trilingual: Greek / Knox / Vulgate); versification derived from the Rahlfs/RSV numbering (dossier 22). - NETS edition of 1-2 Maccabees — named but not opened; the English main text is RSV, not NETS (dossier 22, "What I have not seen").
5. Other reference works (named comparatively/methodologically)
- G.K. Beale, The Use of Daniel in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature and in the Revelation of St. John (1984) — for the θ′-leaning of the Revelation allusions; not read directly, the fifteen allusions were independently recomputed against the source texts (dossier 12). - S. Moyise, The Old Testament in the Book of Revelation — touched bibliographically (dossier 12). - R. Hays, the six criteria for allusion (volume, recurrence, thematic coherence, availability, historical plausibility, satisfaction) — as a methodological discipline, not as an authority (dossier 12). - Reference works for the Targum absence: Jewish Encyclopedia ("Targum"), E. Nestle ("Aramaic Versions"), Cambridge History of the Bible (dossier 12).
Related works from the author's own oeuvre (The Final Settlement; Position Statement — The Pre-Abomination Model; The Architect's Seal; The Master Clock of Revelation; The Woman in the Wilderness; For Whoever Reads This in Those Days) are described in the apparatus, §6 "House of Books"; exact titles/subtitles are to be completed there by the author.
These are the sources and editions that this standard work has used primarily or comparatively, as recorded in the apparatus and in the verified dossiers (04 Greek source text, 06 Qumran, 12 reception, 22 Maccabees). Exact editions, dates and edition numbers that were not in the dossiers are to be completed by the author; where such a detail is missing in the source files, it has been omitted below or marked with "[to be determined]".
1. Ground-text editions
Hebrew-Aramaic
- Westminster Leningrad Codex (WLC) / Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (OSHB) — the Hebrew-Aramaic ground text on which the concordance counts rest (apparatus, master-concordance head-note; dossiers 04 and 12). In dossier 04 directly in view via Studylight for Dan 11:32 and 12:3; the remaining Hebrew lemmata from the assignment text, not independently verified.
Greek New Testament (Revelation, Matthew)
- Scrivener, Textus Receptus (1894) — the Greek ground text for Revelation and Matthew 13:43; the book follows the TR (apparatus §1B and textual-critical annotations; dossier 12, file `scrivener_tr` RE.SCV / MT.SCV). The date 1894 according to the author's statement. - Nestle-Aland 28 (NA28) / Editio Critica Maior (ECM) — critical text, used comparatively at the four textual-critical annotations (Rev 12:12; 13:6; 14:1; 17:8); for the full manuscript apparatus the printed NA28/ECM remains the final authority (apparatus, textual-critical note; dossier 12). - Westcott-Hort — as critical counter-text ("Nestle/Westcott-Hort") against which the TR readings were checked (apparatus, textual-critical note).
Septuagint (Wisdom, Sirach, Isaiah 53, Psalm 31, Maccabees-Greek)
- Septuaginta, ed. A. Rahlfs / R. Hanhart, 2nd revised printing, © 2006 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft — the LXX edition used (consulted via die-bibel.de; colophon on every page), among others for Wisdom 3, Sirach 38, Isaiah 53 and Psalm 31 (dossiers 04 and 12). - Septuaginta, Göttingen edition: J. Ziegler (Theodotion) / O. Munnich (Old Greek, incl. Papyrus 967), 1999 — the critical Daniel edition; named as final authority, but not viewed in the sweeps (dossier 04, "What I have not seen").
Daniel in Greek — Old Greek (OG) and Theodotion (θ′)
- Old Greek (OG) Daniel — consulted in the Rahlfs-Hanhart text (in Daniel chiefly based on Codex 88 / Syro-Hexapla), via die-bibel.de (book code DAG) and the greekdoc polyglot (column "Old Greek") (dossier 04). - Theodotion (θ′) Daniel — consulted via Blue Letter Bible ("LXX" Daniel = θ′) and the greekdoc polyglot (column "Theodotion"), CCAT-dependent text; secondarily via Studylight (dossier 04). In dossier 22 also the Theodotion column of Daniel 11-12 via New Advent. - NETS (New English Translation of the Septuagint), Daniel part — named comparatively (NETS-OG follows Munnich/Göttingen incl. Papyrus 967; NETS-TH follows Ziegler); the rendering of Dan 11-12 itself was not viewed (dossier 04).
2. Second-Temple and Qumran sources
Texts used (manuscript sigla)
- 1QS (Community Rule) — the maskil as office (cols. III, IX, X-XI). - 1QM (War Scroll, cols. I-XIX) — the counted, tribe-by-tribe organized end-time army. - CD (Damascus Document, among others 12:20-21; 13:22; CD-B 20) — the rule "for the maskil". - 1QSb / 1Q28b (Rule of Blessings, 5:20). - 4Q174 (Florilegium / Eschatological Midrash) — "the time of the refining that is to come", with Daniel 11-12 by name (Dan 11:32; 12:10). - Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (4Q400-407; 11Q17; Masada), each song with a maskil heading. - Songs of the Sage (4Q510-511). - Hodayot (1QHa) and 4Q298 — maskil headings (not viewed directly in the sweep). - 11Q13 (11QMelchizedek) and 4Q246 (Aramaic "Daniel" Apocalypse) — Daniel reception. - Daniel manuscripts from Qumran: 1Q71 (1QDan-a); 1Q72 (1QDan-b); 4Q112-116 (4QDan-a–e); 6Q7 (pap6QDan).
Translations used
- G. Vermes, English translation of the Dead Sea Scrolls (edition cited as 1997) — read primarily for 1QS (cols. I-XI), 1QSb 5:20 and 4Q174 (dossier 06). - Wise – Abegg – Cook, The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation (1996) — for 1QM (cols. I-XIX) and the Songs of the Sage (4Q510-511) (dossier 06). - C. Newsom, translation of the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (4Q403 1 i 30 ff.) (dossier 06). - F. García Martínez (edition cited as 1996) — weighed in for 11Q13 and 4Q246, via the compilation references (dossier 06). - German CD translation at qumran.org (translator not named on the page) — for CD 12:20-21 and CD-B 20:17-20 (dossier 06).
Critical editions (named bibliographically; not viewed directly)
- DJD V (J.M. Allegro) — 4Q174. - DJD VII (M. Baillet) — 4Q510-511. - DJD XVI (E. Ulrich) — 4QDaniel. - DJD XL (H. Stegemann – E. Schuller) — 1QHa. - A. Steudel, Der Midrasch zur Eschatologie (STDJ 13, 1994) — edition of 4Q174/Florilegium. - J. Duhaime, edition of 1QM — "[to be determined]" (named only as an edition, no further data).
Studies cited
- C. Newsom, "The Sage in the Literature of Qumran: The Functions of the Maśkil" (1990). - R. Hawley, "On Maśkîl in the Judean Desert Documents", Henoch 28 (2006) 43-77. - J. Angel, "Maskil, Community, and Religious Experience in the Songs of the Sage", Dead Sea Discoveries 19 (2012). - P. Flint, "The Daniel Tradition at Qumran". - R. Carlson, "A Structure for the End of the World: 4QFlorilegium and the 'Latter Days' in Early Jewish Tradition", Word & World 40/3 (2020) 246-254. - B. Brown, "Songs of the Sage (4Q510, 4Q511)", Database of Religious History (2024). - R. Beckwith, Revue de Qumran 10 (1980) 179-80 and 10 (1981) 523-25.
3. Early Jewish and rabbinic reception (of Daniel 12:3)
Early Jewish / apocalyptic and sapiential
- Wisdom of Solomon 3 (with 3:6-9) — Greek text, Rahlfs-Hanhart via die-bibel.de (dossier 12). - Sirach 38:24-39:11 — Greek text, Rahlfs-Hanhart via die-bibel.de (dossier 12). - 1 Enoch 104 (:2, 6, 12-13) — English translations of R.H. Charles (1912) and R. Laurence (1883), consulted in parallel (via qbible.com) (dossier 12). - 4 Ezra / 2 Esdras 7 (:97, 125) — NRSV with Apocrypha (NRSA); the Latin/Syriac ground text was not viewed (dossier 12). - Matthew 13:43 — as an early-Christian reception witness, Scrivener TR (dossier 12).
Rabbinic
- b. Bava Batra 8b — the decisive rabbinic locus; Hebrew/Aramaic + English, William Davidson / Steinsaltz edition via Sefaria (dossier 12). - b. Sanhedrin 92a-b — on the resurrection (Dan 12:2, 13); the same Davidson/Steinsaltz edition via Sefaria (dossier 12).
Absences (gate 1)
- Targum on Daniel: does not exist (Daniel is itself partly Aramaic); established via the reference works Jewish Encyclopedia "Targum", E. Nestle "Aramaic Versions" and the Cambridge History of the Bible (dossiers 12 and apparatus §4). - Sifre on Dan 12:3 and Midrash Tehillim at Dan 12:3: not located/viewed in the sweep (dossier 12, apparatus §4).
4. Deuterocanonical sources
- 1 Maccabees (1-4) and 2 Maccabees (5-7) — English main text from the Revised Standard Version with Apocrypha (RSV) via Bible Gateway (dossier 22). - Greek of 1 Maccabees 1-2 — LXX column via New Advent (trilingual: Greek / Knox / Vulgate); versification derived from the Rahlfs/RSV numbering (dossier 22). - NETS edition of 1-2 Maccabees — named but not opened; the English main text is RSV, not NETS (dossier 22, "What I have not seen").
5. Other reference works (named comparatively/methodologically)
- G.K. Beale, The Use of Daniel in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature and in the Revelation of St. John (1984) — for the θ′-leaning of the Revelation allusions; not read directly, the fifteen allusions were independently recomputed against the source texts (dossier 12). - S. Moyise, The Old Testament in the Book of Revelation — touched bibliographically (dossier 12). - R. Hays, the six criteria for allusion (volume, recurrence, thematic coherence, availability, historical plausibility, satisfaction) — as a methodological discipline, not as an authority (dossier 12). - Reference works for the Targum absence: Jewish Encyclopedia ("Targum"), E. Nestle ("Aramaic Versions"), Cambridge History of the Bible (dossier 12).
Related works from the author's own oeuvre (The Final Settlement; Position Statement — The Pre-Abomination Model; The Architect's Seal; The Master Clock of Revelation; The Woman in the Wilderness; For Whoever Reads This in Those Days) are described in the apparatus, §6 "House of Books"; exact titles/subtitles are to be completed there by the author.