Chapter 2

The Uncrowned

Psalm 8

16 min read
In-depth:

I. Outside the Garden

Among the trees of the garden stands the crowned one of the sixth day, and he hides himself.

Through the garden moves the wind of the day, and there sounds a voice he knows; until yesterday he walked out to meet it. Now he keeps still among the trees, with stitched-together leaves around his waist, while the question seeks him out — the first question God ever put to a man: where are you? And the first thing the bearer of honor and splendor has to say about himself is a confession: "I heard your voice in the garden, and I was afraid, for I am naked; and I hid myself."

Then the sentence speaks, and it falls in three parts: the serpent, the woman, the man. With the man it strikes the ground first. "Cursed is the soil of the field because of you; with toil you shall eat of it, all the days of your life; thorns and thistles it shall sprout for you." The domain turns against its lord. On the sixth day he was handed the earth as his sphere of office; from now on it yields its bread only behind a defense of thorns — the smallest weaponry that exists, and it is under the blood of everyone who ever cleared a field with bare hands. Between man and his food there stands, since this afternoon, a growth that lashes, and sweat that runs into the eyes.

And then the sentence turns to the material itself. "In the sweat of your face you shall eat bread, until you return to the soil of the field, for out of it you were taken — for dust you are, and to dust you shall return." The dust that on the sixth day was gathered up, formed and breathed into, is given back its old direction: downward. What he is made from becomes where he goes. The earth he was to subdue gets him back.

The last images of the garden are swift and hard. God makes clothes of skin — where it comes from the text does not say, and whoever reads it knows — and then the man is sent away, out onto the field from which he was taken. And on the east side of the garden watchers are set: the cherubim, and the flame of the sword that turns and wheels, to guard the way to the tree of life.

Watchers of fire. The shouters of the first morning, who themselves received no crown, now stand with drawn sword between the uncrowned one and life. The rank order of creation is not revoked; it is barred. And of the crown itself the sentence says not a word. The serpent is cursed, the soil of the field is cursed, the man is apportioned sweat and dust — the words of the sixth day are nowhere taken back. Centuries later a shepherd-king sings, on this side of the gate, among the same thorns, the song still in the present tense: with honor and splendor You crown him. The sentence leaves the crown untouched. It lies where man left it: unclaimed.


II. Death Began to Reign

The first thing Scripture sets before the reader after the gate is a genealogy — and under the reading it becomes a register of the dead.

"This is the book of the generations of Adam." The lives are long — most reach nine centuries — and each life gets the same bookkeeping: he lived, he begat, he lived on for years after, he begat sons and daughters. And then, generation after generation, the same closing word falls, like a door shutting: and he died. And he died. And he died. One line breaks the pattern — Enoch walked with God, and he was no more, for God took him away — and precisely that one exception makes audible how massive the rule is: the chapter is a wall of names, and in the wall there is one window.

Thousands of years later an apostle dictates a letter to Rome, and in the middle of the argument he begins to count like a clerk: through one man sin came into the world, and through sin death, "and so death passed on to all men". Passed on — like an inheritance that no one can refuse. And then he chooses his verb, and it is a king-word: death has reigned, from Adam to Moses — ἐβασίλευσεν, death ascended a throne. On the sixth day a ruler had been installed, with all things under his feet; since then something reigns over him, and it asks no permission and holds no office hour. It only collects. Death sat down on the throne that was made for dust.

And the dominion is total. Even over those, Paul counts on, who had not sinned in the manner of Adam's transgression — no one falls outside this realm. The register of Genesis 5 was never closed; it has only grown too large to keep up. But in the middle of the counting the apostle sets a word that breaks open the whole register: Adam, he writes, is τύπος τοῦ μέλλοντος — a type of the Coming One. The first man is then not only the explanation of all graves; he is a mold, and in the mold stands the outline of Another. And in the same breath the counting turns around: if through the one death reigned — how much more shall those who receive the abundance of grace "reign in life through the One, Jesus Christ". Reign: the same verb, taken back from the hands of the occupier. It stands there as promise, not yet as report. Whoever looks up from the letter sees the throne still occupied.

ExpertAdam, Named and Titled

Typology is in this book mostly something the canon permits and rarely something it pronounces. Romans 5:14 is the exception: Adam is τύπος τοῦ μέλλοντος, "type of the coming one" — one of the few places where the New Testament names its own reading method. The king-word carries the passage: βασιλεύω keeps returning in Romans 5:14-21 — over death, over sin, and then reversed over those who receive grace (ἐν ζωῇ βασιλεύσουσιν, 5:17). The precise number of occurrences has not yet been machine-counted and stands as an open item in the imagery dossier; no figure is therefore named here. One boundary belongs to it: this word-field is Greek. With the ruling-vocabulary of the creation morning — רָדָה in Genesis 1:26, 28; מָשַׁל in Psalm 8:6 — it shares no lexeme; the reversal "the appointed ruler, overruled" is thematic, not lexical, and so it is carried here. (The typology well documented; the connection with the creation mandate weighed.)


III. The Most Honest Sentence

In a hospital corridor the song of the sixth day sounds like mockery.

All things You have set under his feet — sheep and cattle, the wild of the field, the birds of the heaven, the fish of the sea, whatever traverses the paths of the seas. So it stands. And outside it lies a world in which the sea swallows ships crew and all, in which the wild of the field comes into the villages when the winter lasts long, in which the field gives bread only to whoever forces it open again every year. Of all that under his feet nothing is to be noticed. Man is the only animal species that has written down its own crowning and can show nothing of it.

A century later a letter cites the psalm in full, and then sets behind it seven words no one expects from an advocate:

"Now we do not yet see that all things are subjected to him."

The writer sits in the middle of an argument he is winning, and he interrupts himself to concede what every reader already knew. No softening, no interposed clause about how it is really meant. Only the observation.

Every writing that promises you a crown while you bury a child is lying. This letter does not do that. It calls the dominion that is not to be seen invisible — and only then goes on.

But the word it chooses is a time-word. Not yet. Not: never. Not: on second thought meant otherwise. There is a clock in that sentence, and it is running.


IV. Before Anyone Was Impoverished

There is a law that only becomes intelligible when you see when it was written down.

Israel still stands in the wilderness. The land that is to be divided has not yet been entered, no field has yet been sold and no one yet impoverished — and precisely there, before everything, God regulates what is to happen if it goes wrong. Every fiftieth year the ram's horn sounds through the whole land, and then everyone returns to his possession. Land in Israel is not for sale in perpetuity. And the reason stands plainly beside it:

"The land shall not be sold forever, for the land is Mine; for strangers and sojourners are you with Me."

Whoever buys a field buys harvests until the jubilee — never the ground itself. The owner does not sell.

And for the meantime there is a figure, and his office bears his name: the redeemer. When your brother becomes poor and sells something of his possession, then his redeemer shall come, who is nearest to him, and redeem what his brother has sold. Further on, where it is no longer about a field but about a man who has had to sell himself, the circle of who may do it is written out: one of his brothers, or his uncle, or the son of his uncle — or someone from the flesh of his flesh, from his family.

Flesh of his flesh. Money alone is not enough. A rich stranger who took pity could not do this; he did not have the right. First the kinship, then only the deed — and the law says precisely in which order.

God wrote the buying-back into the law-book before anything was lost, and He wrote beside it that the buyer must be family.


V. But We See Jesus

Then, in that same letter, one breath after the most honest sentence, falls one little word: but.

"But we see Jesus, made a little lower than the angels, because of the suffering of death crowned with honor and splendor."

Honor and splendor. Precisely the two words that on the sixth day were laid upon a head of dust. They stand here again, and beside them stands why they fit: because of the suffering of death. This crown is fastened to thorns — the same growth that began to grow on the field when the first man walked out of the garden. The crown of Adam does not stand on a head that has seized it. It stands on a head that has known thorns.

And then the letter goes on, and sets four steps in a row that no one expects there.

He who sanctifies and those who are sanctified are all of one. Then: because the children share in blood and flesh, He too partook of the same in like manner. Then: He does not take hold of the angels, but of the seed of Abraham. And then a verb that means debt: He had to be made like the brothers in all things.

Had to. There was something that had first to be settled, and it had nothing to do with power. A redeemer who is not a kinsman may not redeem. Whoever wanted to buy back the forfeited inheritance of humanity had first to be human — and that is precisely the order of the law in the wilderness: flesh of his flesh, and then the deed.

The strongest there is could do nothing for us until He became the weakest of us.

What the letter builds here rests on no redemption-price word. There falls no λύτρον, no ἀπολύτρωσις, no Greek rendering of gōʾēl. The kinship is established and the obligation is named, and the reader who knows Leviticus knows why.

HeartFlesh and Blood

He need not have done it. The powers that shouted at the founding were stronger, faster and imperishable; nothing obligated Him to anything lesser. He chose blood. He chose a body that gets hungry and grows tired and bleeds when it opens, and He took it on as a redeemer takes up his right — by becoming family of one who had forfeited everything. "He is not ashamed to call them brothers." That sentence has a reverse side that is seldom said aloud: there was something to be ashamed of, and He did not do it. The Heir of all things stood in the books as blood-relative of a bankrupt family, and signed. Since then the crown of the sixth day stands on a head that has borne thorns, and there is no longer anyone who can say that God does not know what it is like.

ExcursusFor whoever reads this in those days

There comes a day when the song of the sixth day will sound like mockery. All things under his feet — and you see a world in which nothing lies under your feet, in which you are no longer master of your own body and the earth gives only thorns. That is no lack of faith. That is precisely what stands written: now we do not yet see that all things are subjected to him.

Hold then to those two words. Not yet. There is a clock in that sentence, and it is running, and it is not wound by you.

The letter does not point you to the world to hold on. It points one direction: but we see Jesus. One Person, crowned, and the reason the crown fits is that He went underneath it — lower than the angels, down into death.

What carries you is not that you find your crown again. It is that Someone has become family of yours who has the right to buy back, and who has done it, and who does not change his mind.

And then there remains one thing left to you. The letter that wrote all this down breaks off its own argument to say it: therefore we must pay all the more attention to what we have heard, lest we drift away. Drift away — slowly, without decision. No one loses this by doing something; one loses it by doing nothing.

You are not written off. You are bought back. Stay then seated at the table where the redeemer sits.


But the world has not accepted the ransom with thanks. There is a meeting, and the subject of the deliberation is He.



Source-text footnotes. All translations are the author's own concordant working translations; in the typeset edition the notes stand at the foot of the page.